ECG foundation model designed to remain accurate when leads are missing or signals are noisy. A 1D ConvNeXt V2 encoder is trained with a dual-mode self-distillation objective (separate lead-missing and noise "teachers") alongside contrastive alignment to detailed diagnostic-criteria text reports retrieved via a lightweight, LLM-free "Cardiac Feature Retrieval" module. Consistently ranks best or second-best across PTB-XL diagnostic tasks and MIT-BIH arrhythmia classification under original, noisy, lead-missing, and combined-corruption conditions. Developed by FPT Software AI Center and the University of Arkansas.

Open-source, reproducible pipeline for representing 12-lead ECGs as explicit graphs -- nodes per lead-timepatch, with edges encoding established inter-lead spatial relationships (fully-connected limb- and chest-lead subgraphs bridged via leads I, aVF, V4, and V5) -- and classifying them with a Graph Convolutional Network, paired with GNNExplainer to surface which leads and lead-pairs drove each prediction. Evaluated on PTB-XL for five-class diagnostic superclass classification (AUC 0.86) and, with the same architecture, on anteroseptal-vs-inferior myocardial-infarction localization (AUC 0.92), externally validated on the population-based SHIP cohort (AUC 0.87). Explainability analysis showed the GNN's lead attention recovers standard ECG diagnostic criteria (e.g. V1-V3 for anteroseptal MI, II/III/aVF for inferior MI). Developed at University Medical Center Gottingen; code and an example trained checkpoint are released under CC BY-NC 4.0.

Distills knowledge from EchoCLIP, a vision-language echocardiography model, into ECG embeddings, aiming to improve how well ECG signals alone can predict echo-derived measures of cardiac function. Combines a 1D ECG encoder with a BioBERT text encoder under a probabilistic cross-modal embedding objective that captures uncertainty. Published at MICCAI 2025 by the University of Toronto's McIntosh Lab.

Self-supervised foundation model for 12-lead ECGs, pretrained on 9.1 million recordings covering 164 cardiovascular conditions across adult and pediatric cohorts, including single-lead settings. Uses a HuBERT-style Transformer encoder and can be fine-tuned with a simple output layer for diagnosis and event-prediction tasks. Released in small, base, and large (~183M parameter) configurations by researchers at the University of Brescia.

Self-supervised ECG foundation model that adapts to varying lead combinations by patchifying 12-lead recordings across both space (leads) and time, then pretraining a ViT-B/75 encoder-decoder with a masked-autoencoder objective. Published at ICLR 2024 by VUNO Inc., and pretrained on the Chapman-Shaoxing-Ningbo dataset along with several other public 12-lead sources.

BEiT-base Vision Transformer that embeds images of standard 12-lead ECG printouts into a representation space, enabling zero-shot screening for structural heart disease by comparing a new ECG against reference case/control embedding centroids rather than requiring task-specific training. Trained on private Yale New Haven Health System ECG images and validated against the public EchoNext dataset. Aimed at scanned or legacy ECG images still common in EHR systems. Developed by Yale's CarDS Lab.